writeonce/docs/stories/language-runtime-database/08-shard-actor-runtime.md

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Iteration 8 — shard-actor runtime

Format: product/story-iteration-template. Part of Story — one language, one runtime, one database, one binary.

Goals

  • The runtime scales past one core the doctrine way: pinned thread-per-core shards, each owning its own heap and event loop; cross-shard communication is a message send that moves ownership — shared mutable state never exists.
  • The language grows spawn and message send; garbage collection stays per-shard, so no global pause appears at any core count.

Acceptance Criteria

  • What to achieve?
    • Given a program spawning actors across shards,
    • when an owned object is sent to another shard,
    • then the sender can no longer touch it (compile-time move), the receiver owns it, and its eventual free routes back to its allocation-home arena.
  • What to achieve?
    • Given debug builds with shard-ownership asserts,
    • when the deterministic actor corpus runs under ASan and TSan,
    • then zero races, zero leaks, and identical output across runs.
  • What to achieve?
    • Given a @gc reference,
    • when code attempts to send it cross-shard,
    • then the compiler rejects it — aliased references cannot cross heap boundaries.

Out Of Scope

  • Fibers/green threads (recorded in the blue-green vision §3; extends this scheduler later).
  • Cross-shard transactions (the database iteration's 2PC concern, later).

Info

  • The C reference (runtime/wo-rt.c, phases A–F) is the substrate: epoll loops, eventfd mail, the machinery this iteration lifts into wovm.
  • The VM's object header has carried a shard id since iteration 2 — no relayout.

Proposed Solution

  • Execute the existing plan: docs/superpowers/plans/2026-08-01-shard-actor-vm-runtime.md (pinned-worker scheduler, shard-stamped heaps, MPSC mailbox rings + mail eventfds, send-as-move with home-routed frees, gc pacing per tick, spawn/send surface, actor corpus).